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    What is Ferrosilicon?

    1. What is Ferrosilicon?

    Ferrosilicon is an alloy composed primarily of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si), widely used in metallurgy, foundry, chemical industries, and more. It serves not only as a critical deoxidizing agent but also as an alloying additive and reducing agent in various industrial processes.

    The silicon content in ferrosilicon typically ranges from 15% to 90%. Common grades include FeSi45 (45% Si), FeSi65 (65% Si), FeSi72 (≥72% Si), and FeSi75 (≥75% Si). These alloys mainly consist of silicides such as FeSi and FeSi?, with FeSi being the most stable and commonly present phase.

    Ferrosilicon-75

    Basic Properties of Ferrosilicon:

    - Density: Approximately 3.0–4.5 g/cm3, depending on silicon content.
    - Melting Point: Varies with silicon content, e.g.,
    - FeSi45: ~1260°C
    - FeSi75: ~1340°C
    - Electrical Conductivity: Exhibits moderate conductivity, useful in electric furnace applications.
    - Brittleness: Easily crushed, facilitating uniform dispersion during steelmaking.

    2. Classification and Composition Differences

    Based on silicon content, ferrosilicon can be categorized into several types:

    Type Silicon Content Common Uses
    FeSi45 40%–50% Foundry applications, low-silicon steels
    FeSi65 60%–70% Special alloy steels, cast iron inoculant
    FeSi72 ≥72% Deoxidizer, alloying agent, nodular cast iron
    FeSi75 ≥75% High-strength steel deoxidation, electrical steel

    Differences Between FeSi75 and FeSi72

    1. Compositional Standards

    FeSi75 (FeSiAl1.5-A)
    - Minimum silicon: ≥75%
    - Aluminum: ≥1.5%
    - Impurity limits: Ca ≤0.06%, Mg ≤0.05%, P ≤0.04%, Mn ≤0.25%, Ti ≤0.10%, Al+Si ≤1.7%
    - Known as "hard" ferrosilicon, ideal for high-strength steel production.

    FeSi72 (FeSi75-B)
    - Minimum silicon: ≥72%
    - Carbon: ≤0.08%
    - Stricter impurity control: P ≤0.05%, Cu ≤0.10%, Ti ≤0.10%, Mn ≤0.20%, Fe ≤1.00%, total impurities ≤1.00%
    - Density ~4.2g/cm3, referred to as "soft" ferrosilicon, better suited for casting applications.

    2. Application Scenarios

    - FeSi75
    - Used as a powerful deoxidizer in steelmaking to improve purity;
    - Acts as an inoculant and spheroidizing agent in cast iron;
    - Also used as a reducing agent in ferroalloy production.

    - FeSi72
    - Widely applied in low-alloy structural steels, spring steels, bearing steels, heat-resistant steels, and electrical steels;
    - Inoculant for ductile and malleable cast iron;
    - Also functions as a reducing agent in ferroalloy and chemical industries.

    3. Production Process of Ferrosilicon

    Ferrosilicon is typically produced using submerged arc furnaces (SAFs). The primary raw materials include:
    - Silica (SiO?)
    - Carbonaceous reductants (e.g., coke, charcoal)
    - Iron scrap or pig iron

    4. General Smelting Steps:

    - Mix silica, reductant, and iron source in specific proportions
    - Feed the mixture into the electric arc furnace and heat to temperatures between 1600–1800°C;
    - Silicon is reduced from SiO? and reacts with iron to form ferrosilicon;
    - Cool, crush, and screen the product into usable sizes.

    5. Main Applications of Ferrosilicon

     Steel Industry
    - Deoxidizer: Removes oxygen from molten steel, improving its purity and quality;
    - Alloying Agent: Enhances strength, hardness, and elasticity of steel;
    - Improves Electromagnetic Performance: Reduces magnetic hysteresis loss and increases magnetic permeability in transformer steel.

    Foundry Industry
    - Inoculant: Promotes graphite precipitation, refines grain structure;
    - Spheroidizing Agent: Used in ductile iron to encourage spherical graphite formation, enhancing toughness.

    Ferroalloy Industry
    - Intermediate alloy for producing low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, etc..
    - Reductant in specialty alloy smelting (e.g., nickel iron, molybdenum iron).

    Chemical Industry
    - Raw material for producing organosilicon compounds, silanes, and silicates;
    - Protective anode material in aluminum electrolysis.

    Magnesium Metal Production
    - In the Pidgeon process, ferrosilicon is the main reductant; approximately 1.2 tons of FeSi75 are required per ton of magnesium produced.

    6. Factors Affecting Ferrosilicon Prices

    Raw Material Cost Fluctuations
    - Prices of silica, coke, and power significantly impact production cost.

    Electricity Cost
    - Electricity accounts for 60–75% of production cost, making it a key factor in profitability.

    Steel Industry Demand
    - Steel market conditions directly influence ferrosilicon demand.

    Capacity Overload & Environmental Policies
    - Excess capacity leads to intense market competition; environmental restrictions may cause temporary supply shortages.

    Substitute Products
    - Manganese-silicon alloys offer dual benefits of deoxidation and alloying, replacing ferrosilicon in some applications.

    7. Leading Manufacturer of Ferrosilicon- LSFerroalloy

    LSFerroalloy is a leading manufacturer in the field of ferrosilicon and other ferroalloys. With advanced production technology and a strict quality control system, we are committed to providing high-quality ferrosilicon products to global customers, supporting the development of various industries.


    Welcome to your inquiry!

    Service Hotline:+86 15837207537    Whatsapp:8615837207537    Email:info@lsalloy.com

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